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I am honoured to introduce the 5th edition
of the newsletter of the global Technology Needs
Assessment project, which is supported by the
Global Environment Facility (GEF).
Moldova is now close to completing its
TNA process, which focuses on investments needed
in the country's transport, housing stock,
agriculture and power sectors that will provide
proportionally significant GHG reductions, as
well as reduce the risk of damage to crops and
human health caused by climate change. As with
all TNA countries, Moldova's finalised list of
prioritised technologies was arrived at through
a consultative process, involving a broad range
of stakeholders that agreed on a set of
appropriate criteria.
Specific
technologies that have been prioritised in
Moldova include combined heat and power plants,
the gasification of municipal solid waste for
electricity and heat production and the uptake
of hybrid electric
vehicles. | | |
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The TNA project is
implemented by UNEP and the UNEP Risø Centre on
behalf of the GEF. The project provides targeted
technical and methodological support to 36
countries in conducting TNAs. An initial round
of 15 countries from Africa, Asia, CIS, Latin
America and the Caribbean started activities
early 2010. An additional 21 countries were
engaged in the first quarter of 2011 and
initiated national activities during second
quarter of 2011. |
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More 'low-tech' solutions have been
prioritised for the agricultural sector which
include various methods of soil tillage and
fertilizer use that can yield significant GHG
reductions from what is the country's largest
economic sector.
On the adaptation side
Moldova is also focused on the agricultural
sector as well as technologies that can minimise
the risk to human health posed by extreme
temperatures, including piped water in rural
areas, medical units for temporary assistance
and building codes to promote the use of passive
energy and natural ventilation.
Moldova
is using the TNA process to inform environmental
policy making and is already working on measures
to support the introduction and diffusion of
specific climate technologies. However, as is
the case with many smaller countries, Moldova
faces a challenge when it comes to financing
investments in new, cleaner technologies. Much
of Moldova's energy infrastructure and public
transport dates from the Soviet era and our
building stock has low energy efficiency.
Therefore, these sectors present 'easy' GHG
mitigation opportunities and so we are hoping to
attract investors from both the international
public and private sectors. In common with most
of the TNA countries, we are conscious that
market-based reforms to our energy sector are a
prerequisite for providing the right price
signals to attract investors, as well as the
need to minimise taxation and red tape.
Given the need for international
cooperation on tackling climate change, it is my
hope that countries like Moldova will be able to
communicate their Technology Action Plans at the
COP18 being held at Doha this year. More
broadly, it is my hope that the UNFCCC will
continue to provide an effective means for the
international community to agree upon how clean
and climate-friendly technologies can be
transferred at low cost to lower-income
countries like Moldova. We must remember that
many of the technical solutions to tackling
climate change are simple and low-cost, and can
be provided in an equitable and
business-friendly manner, provided that the
right incentives are created at a global level.
Gheorghe SALARU,
Minister of Environment of the Republic
of
Moldova | | |
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Moldova
- Trolleybus in
Tiraspol | | |
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by
Jorge Rogat, URC and Lawrence Agbemabiese,
UNEP
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The period under review witnessed the
continuing refinement of core methodologies and
tools. The enthusiastic uptake of these
resources yielded concrete results in the form
of significantly improved Technology Needs
Assessments (TNAs) and Technology Action Plans
(TAPs). Specifically, 7 countries have to date
completed their TAP reports, with a further 18
completions expected by the end of the year. It
is expected that the overwhelming majority – if
not all – of the remaining countries will have
completed their TAP reports before the end of
the project in April 2013. The period was also
marked by a strong emphasis on establishing
linkages with potential sources of funding for
the most promising project concepts emerging
from the TNAs-TAPs. To this end, a global
workshop on experience-sharing and
investment-focused knowledge dissemination
targeting potential funders was held in Bangkok
10-12 September 2012. Participants included
representatives from all TNA countries and the
funding community. Organised in collaboration
with UNFCCC and the Asian Regional Centre AIT,
the workshop not only facilitated sharing of
implementation experience through interactive
networking, but also, created a unique
opportunity for the finance community to discuss
potential funding for selected project ideas
emanating from national TAPs. For
additional project information, please visit
www.tech-action.org | | |
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Upcoming
events
TNA
side event at COP 18, 5 December, 18:30-20:00
Room 6 Building capacity for
effective national planning and the deployment
of clean technologies. Technology
development and transfer is at the heart of the
UNFCCC process. The side event will showcase
experiences with building national capacity and
strengthening skills development for TNAs, TAPs
and NAMAs in developing countries through
south-south learning and international
cooperation. During the side event the
participating countries will present their final
TAPs and plans for moving beyond TAP completion,
to actual implementation of their Action Plans.
Final international
dissemination workshop, May - June
2013. | | |
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Actions
towards climate change adaptation and mitigation
- results from the TNA Project |
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by
Angel Valverde and Janeth Mora, Ministry of
Environment, Ecuador
Ecuador
selected its sectors and areas of study for the
Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) project in
response to climate change considering both its
National Development Plan and National
Environmental Policy, whose objectives include
promoting climate change mitigation and
adaptation actions by using
environmental-friendly technologies.
The
Ministry of Environment of Ecuador has recently
presented its first National Climate Change
Strategy which together with the results of the
TNA project contributes to the development of
the National Plan and capacity building
conditions with the objective of creating an
implementation mechanism for climate change
technology transfer and access to
finance. | | |
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The three sectors selected for the TNA
project were: Agriculture, Energy and Water
Resources. Within those sectors the prioritized
technologies for adaptation covered water supply
for irrigation in agriculture, and management of
water quality and quantity. The mitigation
technologies, on the other hand, included
management of solid and liquid waste in the
livestock sector as well as power generation
through municipal solid waste.
The preliminary result of the technology
prioritization exercise showed the importance of
organizational technologies, such as irrigators,
which serve as catalysts for both 'hard' and
'soft' technologies. This is especially
pertinent when considering climate change
adaptation actions that require greater
involvement of different stakeholders from civil
society. | | |
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How
do the prioritized technologies and actions
interact and correspond with other development
plans and initiatives in
Mauritius? | | |
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Mrs
Dominique Sin Lan NG YUN WING, Director of
Environment and TNA Coordinator for
Mauritius. | | |
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Synergies with existing development plans
has been one of the key guiding principles of
the fully inclusive multi-stakeholder
participatory approach adopted within the TNA
Project in Mauritius. It is thus no surprise
that national stakeholders have, during the MCA
process, allocated enhanced weights to those
technologies that appear in their sectoral
strategic documents and are aligned within the
realm of their institutional
mandates.
The mitigation technologies
that have been retained for TAP, namely
utility-scale wind, PV and waste heat recovery
from boilers are thus closely linked with the
Long-Term Energy Strategy 2009 – 2025 - the
blueprint for the development of the energy
sector in
Mauritius. | | |
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It is to be stressed that the Action Plan
that resulted from the energy strategy document,
which provides the future orientations of
Mauritius concerning GHG emission reductions,
includes a combination of energy efficiency
measures and renewables for the power sector.
For instance, a total wind energy installed
capacity of 100 MW is expected by 2025, while
electricity generation from PV will be 2% of the
power mix in 2025. A cumulative 10% efficiency
gain in the consumption of electricity relative
to the baseline year of 2008 is expected over
the same time period. The Action Plan further
mentions that guidelines for energy management
in industry would be developed in 2012. Works
completed in TAP would thus feed and fit into
this process.
The 3 technologies
prioritized for adaptation in the agriculture
sector, comprising of up-scaling of locally
proven Integrated Pest Management technologies,
decentralising pest and disease diagnosis, and
gravity fed drip and Mini/Micro irrigation
respectively are intrinsically linked to
government initiatives to promote rainwater
harvesting and conserve ecosystem services while
also enhancing farm productivity and farmers
livelihood. |
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All the three water technologies which have
been retained for TAP – Rainwater Harvesting,
Desalination, and Hydrological models fall
within Government initiatives being promoted,
e.g. the Government is encouraging the hotel
sector to undertake rainwater harvesting as well
as desalination of seawater as an alternative
water source.
The identified technologies in the coastal
zone sector, namely restoration of coastal
vegetation, wetland protection, dune restoration
and rock revetment have been put forward along
with other technologies following a study on
coastal erosion around Mauritius in 2003. These
technologies have also been recommended in other
studies and included in national
reports.
Moreover, the outputs of the
adaptation-related technologies within the TNA
project are being integrated within the National
Adaptation Policy Framework being developed
within the Africa Adaptation Programme in
Mauritius. | | |
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Bringing
the TNA community together
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A three-day global experience-sharing
workshop under the TNA project brought together
experts from 36 countries in Bangkok, in
September 2012. Organized by the UNEP Risø
Centre (URC) and the UNFCCC, the workshop was an
opportunity for participants to showcase best
practices and share experiences of implementing
the TNA project in their respective countries.
Participants not only highlighted the
barriers and opportunities involved in the TNA
process, but also presented a general outline of
their Technology Action Plans (TAPs). For
instance, in Georgia, an assessment of the
energy sector generated TAPs on efficient
construction, efficient wood stoves, and solar
water heaters. An assessment of transport issues
in Costa Rica resulted in a project idea for a
Bus Rapid Transit system in the San José
metropolitan area. Likewise, for Indonesia, the
TNA process prompted three different project
ideas for developing the photovoltaic sector.
In addition, the workshop provided an
opportunity for participants to raise important
points to be addressed in the future. While
acknowledging the significance of the TNA
project in engaging more stakeholders to combat
climate change and take concrete actions,
participants indicated funding of proposed
actions as a major concern. "The request for
capacity building and access to finance were two
important points' said Mark Radka, Head of
Energy Branch, UNEP. "UNEP's support does not
stop with the TNA process. If called upon, we
will work with governments and other relevant
partners to support national processes to
spearhead the transition to a green economy."
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Participating countries called on the
Technical Executive Committee to work with them
to create synergies between international
mitigation and adaptation policy actions such as
Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) and
nationally appropriate mitigation actions
(NAMAs) so that future TNAs do not end up as
stand-alone initiatives.
During the workshop, UNFCCC led a training
session on preparing and presenting project
proposals for financing based on the UNFCCC
training manual and guidebooks. Four new
guidebooks prepared by URC, including two
guidebooks on finance for adaptation and
mitigation, were also launched during the
workshop.
The workshop closed with a call for greater
support from the international community in
order to build the infrastructure needed to help
transform these ideas into reality. "People in
developing countries must be able to plan their
low-carbon and more climate-resilient futures,
and to be able to assess precisely which
activities need to be supported with finance and
technology by developed countries," said
Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
"This workshop has gone a long way to
determine precisely what is required," she
added. "Governments now need to urgently press
ahead with implementing what they decided in
Durban last year and in Cancun in 2010, and to
put the finishing touches to the new Technology
Mechanism in Doha at the end of the
year." | | |
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Identifying
prioritized technologies for developing NAMAs in
Viet Nam |
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by
Nguyen Khac Hieu, Deputy Director General,
Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment,
Vietnam
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Recognizing the role of the development of
low-carbon economy and green growth in the
context of climate change as well as
contributing to the world community to achieve
the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC in order to
stabilize greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in
the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system, Viet Nam is promoting
preparation and implementation of activities to
mitigate GHG emissions in line with
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
(NAMAs).
The first five 1.5 MW power
generators of Tuy Phong wind power plant, Binh
Thuan Province Viet Nam has completed the Phase
1 of the Technology Needs Assessments (TNA)
Project funded by the Global Environment Fund
and jointly implemented by the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP Risø
Centre (URC) in August
2012. | | |
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The first five 1.5 MW power generators of
Tuy Phong wind power plant, Binh Thuan Province
Viet Nam has completed the Phase 1 of the
Technology Needs Assessments (TNA) Project
funded by the Global Environment
Facility and jointly implemented by the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and
the UNEP Risø Centre (URC) in August 2012. Based
on potential sectors to mitigate GHG emissions
in Viet Nam such as Energy, Agriculture and Land
Use, Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF), the
prioritized technologies consistent with the
context of Viet Nam have been identified during
the implementation of the TNA Project. Two of
the 10 prioritized GHG mitigation technologies
identified are wind power and biogas. These
technologies are evaluated as the most preferred
technologies for development of NAMAs in the
country. | | |
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The National Energy Development Strategy of
Viet Nam has set a target to increase the
proportion of new and renewable energies by 5%
of the total commercial primary energies by
2020, and 11% by 2050. The target has proved
that the two chosen prioritized technologies
totally fit and will become significant
contribution for implementation.
In order to promote outcomes of the TNA
Project, the "Facilitating Implementation and
Readiness for Mitigation (FIRM)" Project with
financial support of the Danish International
Development Agency (DANIDA), URC as implementing
agency will be carried out in Viet Nam in the
period of 2012 – 2013. The main objective of the
project is to support international efforts to
reduce GHG emissions. In particular, two NAMAs
related to promoting the use of wind energy for
energy generation, and facilitating biogas
capture for energy use will be developed under
the Project.
It is expected that the implementation of
the FIRM project will provide tools, technical
assistance and institutional capacity building
for local authorities as well as facilitate the
implementation of NAMAs in both energy and
agriculture sectors, and finally aim to the
development of low-carbon economy and green
growth in Viet Nam in the coming
years. | | |
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Sustainable
Social Housing Pilot Project in
Georgia |
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by
Murman Margvelashvili - Project Manager
Alexander Ramishvili -
Architect
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Territorial conflicts, environmental
catastrophic events and deterioration of
existing housing have resulted in a big number
of socially vulnerable households in Georgia.
More than fifty thousand households are deprived
of decent living conditions and are applying to
local and central governments for help. Energy
costs constitute a high share in expenditures of
low income families and therefore reducing
energy consumption can substantially improve the
quality of their life. Lack of efficient
construction legislation and regulations is a
lasting problem that prevents radical
improvements in energy performance of buildings.
The pilot project promotes energy
efficient construction (top priority technology
under TNA) by implementing of the model energy
efficient social housing for 20 vulnerable
families in Georgia. Strong information
component will be used to educate the
specialists and businesses, provide relevant
information to consumers and policymakers, to
promote legislation changes. Open and
transparent process will ensure fairness to
beneficiaries. Project
activities include:
- A one week practical workshop on sustainable
design and construction for architects,
students, developers and constructors, with
lectures and practical development of
competitive conceptual proposals for social
housing settlement.
- Design of a typical multi-apartment social
housing residential building for 20 families
based on the winning proposal using EU
efficiency standards aided by international
experts.
- A conference-trade show for architects,
developers, constructors and material suppliers
and donors to demonstrate the developed design,
negotiate construction and material prices and
solicit the participation of material and
equipment providers and funding by donors.
- Erection of 20 family residential houses for
socially vulnerable families in Tbilisi.
- Monitoring of construction and operation of
the building to generate the price and energy
saving information illustrate the use of
efficient construction methods and materials and
assess the results.
- Transparent apartment allocation and
development of financial support schemes
including soft loans and revolving funds;
- Ongoing outreach about the project, design,
construction process, costs and achieved energy
performance.
- Policy analysis and policy
recommendations.
The project
will remove the main Information Barrier for
Efficient construction technology and prepare
the grounds for legislation on efficiency in
construction. It addresses the needs of
vulnerable population and provides relevant
information to all market participants.It
stimulates sustainable design and
construction, promotes efficient materials
industry, supports Tbilisi City Hall in meeting
the obligations under the Covenant of Mayors,
and stimulates the introduction of new
efficiency standards in building code. The
project can be easily replicated. Tbilisi City
Hall supports this pilot
proposal. | | |
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TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION IN THE AGRICULTURE
SECTOR
This guidebook provides
information on 26 technologies for mitigation to
climate change in the agriculture sector. These
26 technologies are in the areas of cropland
management, livestock management, manure and
bio-solid management, and bioenergy. It
describes what policy makers, agriculture
experts and other stakeholders in countries
should consider while determining a technology
development path in agriculture. Written by
eminent scientists from China, India and United
States and based on an extensive literature
review, this guidebook is expected to stimulate
further work on identifying options for climate
change mitigation in the agricultural sector
within
countries. | | |
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TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION IN THE BUILDING SECTOR
The guidebook on mitigation for the
building sector is set to serve as a platform to
assist participating countries to carry out TNA
in this sector. Based on the TNA, the Technology
Action Plan (TAP) can be developed to identify
barriers to the acquisition, deployment and
diffusion of priority technologies. Logical and
practical actions can then be determined to
overcome these barriers, in order to fully
materialise the building sector's mitigation
potentials. The guidebook puts in place the
hard-ware, soft-ware and org-ware in a
systematic framework, which defines and
structures the technologies and practices to
mitigate climate change from the most feasible
to more sophisticated levels in developing
countries'
context. | | |
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INTERNATIONAL FINANCING SOURCES FOR
CLIMATE ACTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND
THEIR APPLICATION - ADAPTATION
The objective of this guidebook is to
develop a short and easily accessible guide that
will help TNA countries better identify and
access financial resources for implementation of
their national Technology Action Plans (TAPs).
The guidebook is divided into two main sections:
1. Guidance on accessing multilateral and
bilateral funding sources, and 2. Guidance on
how to access private funding from both
international and local
sources. | | |
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INTERNATIONAL FINANCING SOURCES FOR
CLIMATE ACTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND
THEIR APPLICATION - MITIGATION
There are numerous international funding
sources developing countries can target when
they prepare Technology Action Plans and project
ideas. This guidebook provides an overview of
the major existing international public and
private funding sources for mitigation actions
in the developing world. It also explains the
proposal selection criteria of major funding
sources and provides tips on how to prepare
quality projects and programme proposals for
better chances of acquiring
funding. | | |
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For further information on the TNA project,
please
contact: | | |
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At
UNEP
Lawrence
Agbemabiese
Energy Branch, Division of
Technology, Industry and
Economics
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At
URC
Jorge
Rogat
Project Manager and Regional Coordinator-
Latin America and Caribbean
Ivan Nygaard
Regional Coordinator- Africa
Subash
Dhar
Regional Coordinator- Asia and CIS
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The TNA Newsletter provides information on
the activities and progress within the TNA
project and beyond. The views expressed in the
newsletter do not necessarily represent those of
UNEP, UNEP Risø Centre or
GEF. | | |
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